Multi-aperture cameras with at least one two state zoom camera

ABSTRACT

Multi-cameras and in particular dual-cameras comprising a Wide camera comprising a Wide lens and a Wide image sensor, the Wide lens having a Wide effective focal length EFL W  and a folded Tele camera comprising a Tele lens with a first optical axis, a Tele image sensor and an OPFE, wherein the Tele lens includes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2 and a third lens element group G3, wherein at least two of the lens element groups are movable relative to the image sensor along the first optical axis to bring the Tele lens to two zoom states, wherein an effective focal length (EFL) of the Tele lens is changed from EFL T,min  in one zoom state to EFL T,max  in the other zoom state, wherein EFL Tmin &gt;1.5×EFL W  and wherein EFL Tmax &gt;1.5×EFL Tmin .

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/954,432,filed Sep. 28, 2022, which was a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/717,083 filed Apr. 10, 2022 (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,477,386),which was a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/975,721filed Aug. 26, 2020 (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,336,830), which was a 371application from international patent application PCT/IB2020/050002filed on Jan. 1, 2020, which claims priority from U.S. ProvisionalPatent Applications No. 62/787,826 filed on Jan. 3, 2019 and No.62/809,871 filed on Feb. 25, 2019, both of which are expresslyincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

Embodiments disclosed herein relate in general to digital cameras, andmore particularly, to dual-aperture zoom digital cameras with a foldedzoom lens.

BACKGROUND

Compact multi-aperture and in particular dual-aperture (also referred toas “dual-lens” or “dual-camera”) digital cameras are known.Miniaturization technologies allow incorporation of such cameras incompact portable electronic devices such as tablets and mobile phones(the latter referred to hereinafter generically as “smartphones”), wherethey provide advanced imaging capabilities such as zoom, see e.g.co-owned PCT patent applications No. PCT/IB2015/056004, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Such cameras and/orcameras disclosed herein are cameras with strict height limitation,normally of less than 1 cm, the thinner the better.

Dual-aperture zoom cameras in which one camera has a wide field of viewFOV_(W) (referred to as “Wide camera”) and the other has a narrower,“telephoto” FOV_(T) (referred to as “Tele camera”) are known. A Telecamera is required to have dimensions as small as possible in order tofit the thickness of the device in which the camera is installed(preferably without protruding from the device's casing), while beingsuitable to operate with commonly used image sensors. This problem iseven more crucial when using a Tele lens with a long (Tele) effectivefocal length (EFL) to obtain a relatively high zooming effect. As known,the term “EFL” as applied to a lens refers to the distance from a rearprincipal plane to a paraxial focal plane. The rear principal plane iscalculated by tracing an on-axis parabasal ray from infinity anddetermined using the parabasal's image space marginal ray angle.

Dual-aperture zoom cameras comprising an upright Wide camera and afolded Tele camera are also known, see. e.g. co-owned U.S. Pat. No.9,392,188. The Wide camera is an “upright” camera comprising a Wideimage sensor (or simply “sensor”) and a Wide lens module that includes aWide fixed focus lens assembly (or simply “lens”) with a Wide lenssymmetry axis. The folded Tele camera comprises a Tele image sensor anda Tele lens module that includes a Tele fixed focus lens with a Telelens symmetry axis. The dual-aperture zoom camera further comprises areflecting element (also referred to as optical path folding element or“OPFE”) that folds light arriving from an object or scene along a firstoptical path to a second optical path toward the Tele image sensor. Thefirst and second optical paths are perpendicular to each other. The Widelens symmetry axis is along (parallel to) the first optical path and theTele lens symmetry axis is along the second optical path. The reflectingelement has a reflecting element symmetry axis inclined substantially at45 degrees to both the Wide lens symmetry axis and the Tele lenssymmetry axis and is operative to provide a folded optical path betweenthe object and the Tele image sensor.

The Wide lens has a Wide field of view (FOV_(W)) and the Tele lens has aTele field of view (FOV_(T)) narrower than FOV_(W). In an example, theTele camera provides a ×5 zooming effect, compared to the Wide camera.

Compact folded cameras with lens assemblies that include a plurality oflens elements divided into two or more groups, with one or more(“group”) of lens elements movable relative to another lens element orgroup of lens elements, are also known. Actuators (motors) used for therelative motion include step motors with screws or piezoelectricactuators. However, a general problem with such cameras is that theirstructure dictates a rather large F number (F#) of 3 and more, with F#increasing with the zoom factor. Their actuators are slow and noisy(piezoelectric) or bulky (stepper motors), have reliability problems andare expensive. Known optical designs also require a large lens assemblyheight for a given F# for the two extreme zoom states obtained in suchcameras.

SUMMARY

In exemplary embodiments, there are provided dual-cameras comprising: aWide camera comprising a Wide lens and a Wide image sensor, the Widelens having a Wide effective focal length EFL_(W); and a folded Telecamera comprising a Tele lens with a first optical axis, a Tele imagesensor (or simply “Tele sensor”) and an OPFE, wherein the Tele lensincludes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens elementgroup G1, a second lens element group G2 and a third lens element groupG3, wherein at least two of the lens element groups are movable relativeto the Tele sensor along the first optical axis to bring the Tele lensto two zoom states, wherein an effective focal length of the Tele lensis changed from a value EFL_(T,min) in one zoom state to a valueEFL_(T,max) in the other zoom state, wherein EFL_(Tmin)>1.5×EFL_(W) andwherein EFL_(Tmax)>1.5×EFL_(Tmin).

The Wide lens has a second optical axis, the second optical axis beingperpendicular to the first optical axis.

In some exemplary embodiments, the Tele camera is configured to focus byshifting G1, G2 and G3 relative to each other, in both the first and thesecond zoom states.

In some exemplary embodiments, G1, G2 and G3 are arranged from theobject side to the image side, wherein G1 has a positive refractivepower, G2 has a positive refractive power and G3 has a negativerefractive power.

In some exemplary embodiments, the at least two movable lens elementgroups include G1 and G3, wherein G1 and G3 are movable relative to theTele sensor and to G2 and wherein G2 is stationary relative to the Telesensor. In some embodiments, G3 may further be movable for focusrelative to the Tele sensor, G1 and G2. In some embodiments, G1 mayfurther be movable for focus relative to the Tele sensor, G2 and G3.

In an exemplary embodiment, a first lens element L1 toward the objectside has a clear aperture (CA) value (or simply “clear aperture”) largerthan clear apertures of all other lens elements in the Tele lens.

In an exemplary embodiment, the Tele lens has a total track length(TTL_(T)) and a maximum TTL (TTL_(Tmax)) fulfills the conditionTTL_(Tmax)<EFL_(Tmax).

In an exemplary embodiment, the Tele lens has a total track length(TTL_(T)) and a maximum TTL (TTL_(Tmax)) fulfills the conditionTTL_(Tmax)<0.9×EFL_(Tmax).

In an exemplary embodiment, the Tele lens has a Tele lens f-number(F#_(T)) and a minimal value of F#_(T) (F#_(Tmin)) fulfills thecondition F#_(Tmin)<1.5×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax).

In an exemplary embodiment, the Tele lens has a Tele lens f-number(F#_(T)) and a minimal value of F#T (F#_(Tmin)) and a maximal value ofF#T (F#_(Tmax)) fulfill the conditionF#_(Tmin)<1.8×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax).

In an exemplary embodiment, the Tele lens has a Tele lens f-number(F#_(T)) and a minimal value of F#T (F#_(Tmin)) and a maximal value ofF#T (F#_(Tmax)) fulfill the conditionF#_(Tmin)<1.2×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax).

In an exemplary embodiment, for any lens element group, the movementfrom the first zoom state to the second zoom state has a stroke smallerthan 0.75×(EFL_(Tmax)−EFL_(Tmin)).

In an exemplary embodiment, for any lens element group, the movementfrom the first zoom state to the second zoom state has a stroke smallerthan 0.6×(EFL_(Tmax)−EFL_(Tmin)).

In an exemplary embodiment, first lens element L1 is a cut lens element.

In some exemplary embodiments, the at least two movable lens elementgroups include lens element groups G1, G2 and G3, wherein G1 and G3 aremovable as one unit relative to the Tele sensor and to G2 in a givenrange R_(1,3) and wherein G2 is movable relative to the Tele sensor in arange R₂ smaller than R_(1,3). In an exemplary embodiment, G1, G2 and G3are movable toward the image side. In some exemplary embodiments, G1, G2and G3 are movable for focusing relative to the Tele sensor as one unit.

In some exemplary embodiments, EFL_(Tmin)=15 mm and EFL_(Tmax)=30 mm.

In some exemplary embodiments, EFL_(Tmin)=13 mm and EFL_(Tmax)=26 mm.

In some exemplary embodiments, at the two zoom states, wherein R_(AF) isa maximal range of movement of G2 required for focus between infinityand 1 meter, R_(AF)<0.4×R₂. In some exemplary embodiments, at the twozoom states, wherein R_(AF) is a maximal range of movement of G1 and G3required for focus between infinity and 2 meter, R_(AF)<0.4×R_(1,3).

In some exemplary embodiments, actuation for the movement of G2 isperformed in close loop control.

In some exemplary embodiments, actuation for the movement of G1 and G3is performed in open loop control.

In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of G1, G2 and G3 is createdusing voice coil motor (VCM) mechanisms.

In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of G1, G2 and G3 is guidedalong the first optical axis by a ball guided mechanism that creates alinear rail. In some exemplary embodiments, the ball guided mechanismincludes at least one groove on a G2 lens carrier, at least one grooveon a G1+G3 lens carrier, and a plurality of balls between the grooves onthe G2 lens carrier and the G1+G3 lens carrier.

In an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a dual-camera comprising:a Wide camera comprising a Wide lens and a Wide image sensor, the Widelens having a Wide effective focal length EFL_(W); and a folded Telecamera comprising a Tele lens with a first optical axis, a Tele sensorand an OPFE, wherein the Tele lens includes, from an object side to animage side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element groupG2 and a third lens element group G3, wherein G1 and G3 are movablealong the first optical axis as one unit relative to the Tele sensor andG2 in a given range R_(1,3), wherein G2 is movable along the firstoptical axis relative to the Tele sensor in a range R₂ smaller thanR_(1,3), wherein the combined movements of G1, G2 and G3 bring the Telelens to two zoom states, wherein an EFL of the Tele lens is changed fromEFL_(T,min) in one zoom state to EFL_(T,max) in the other zoom state andwherein EFL_(Tmin)>EFL_(W) and wherein EFL_(Tmax)>1.5×EFL_(Tmin).

In an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a folded cameracomprising: a lens with a first optical axis, an image sensor and anOPFE, wherein the lens includes, from an object side to an image side, afirst lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2 and a thirdlens element group G3, wherein G1 and G3 are movable along the firstoptical axis as one unit relative to the image sensor and G2 in a givenrange R_(1,3), wherein G2 is movable along the first optical axisrelative to the image sensor in a range R₂ smaller than R_(1,3), whereinthe combined movements of G1, G2 and G3 bring the lens to two zoomstates, wherein an EFL of the lens is changed from a value EFL_(,min) inone zoom state to a value EFL_(Tmax) in the other zoom state and whereinEFL_(max)>1.5×EFL_(min).

In an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a triple-camera,comprising: a Wide camera comprising a Wide lens and a Wide imagesensor, the Wide lens having a Wide effective focal length EFL_(W), anUltra-Wide camera comprising an Ultra-Wide lens and an Ultra-Wide imagesensor, the Ultra-Wide lens having an Ultra-Wide effective focal lengthEFL_(UW), and a folded Tele camera comprising a Tele lens with a firstoptical axis, a Tele sensor and an OPFE, wherein the Tele lens includes,from an object side to an image side, a first lens element group G1, asecond lens element group G2 and a third lens element group G3, whereinat least two of the lens element groups are movable relative to the Telesensor along the first optical axis to bring the Tele lens to two, firstand second zoom states, wherein an EFL of the Tele lens is changed froma value EFL_(T,min) in the first zoom state to a value EFL_(T,max) inthe second zoom state, wherein EFL_(Tmin)>2×EFL_(UW), whereinEFL_(Tmin)>1.5×EFL_(W) and wherein EFL_(Tmax)>1.5×EFL_(Tmin).

In an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a dual-camera modulecomprising: a Wide camera module, and a Tele camera module comprising alens module, a lens actuator for moving the lens module between a firstand a second zoom state, and a memory for storing first and a secondcalibration data, wherein the first calibration data may comprisecalibration data between the Wide camera module and the Tele cameramodule in a first zoom state, and wherein the second calibration datamay comprise calibration data between the Wide camera module and theTele camera module in a second zoom state.

In various exemplary embodiments, there is provided a system comprising:an application processor (AP), a Wide camera module for providing firstimage data, a Tele camera module for providing second image data, theTele camera module comprising a lens module, and a lens actuator formoving a lens module between a first and a second zoom state, and amemory for storing a first and a second calibration data, wherein thefirst calibration data may comprise calibration data between the Widecamera module and the Tele camera module in the first zoom state andsecond calibration data between the Wide camera module and the Telecamera module in the second zoom state, and wherein the AP is configuredto generate third image data by processing the first and second imagedata and by using the first calibration data when the Tele camera moduleis in the first zoom state and the second calibration data when the Telecamera module is in the second zoom state.

In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data is stored inthe first camera module, and the second calibration data is stored inthe second camera module.

In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data and thesecond calibration data are stored only in the Tele camera module.

In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data and thesecond calibration data are stored only in the Wide camera module.

In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data and thesecond calibration data are stored in a memory not located in the Widecamera module or in the Tele camera module.

In an embodiment of the system, a first portion of the first calibrationdata and a first portion of the second calibration data are stored in amemory located in the Wide camera module or in the Tele camera module,and a second portion of the first calibration data and a second portionof the second calibration data are stored in a memory not located in theWide camera module or in the Tele camera module.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting examples of embodiments disclosed herein are describedbelow with reference to figures attached hereto that are listedfollowing this paragraph. Identical structures, elements or parts thatappear in more than one figure are generally labeled with a same numeralin all the figures in which they appear. If identical elements are shownbut numbered in only one figure, it is assumed that they have the samenumber in all figures in which they appear. The drawings anddescriptions are meant to illuminate and clarify embodiments disclosedherein and should not be considered limiting in any way. In thedrawings:

FIG. 1A shows schematically a general perspective view of a dual-camera,comprising an upright camera and a zoom folded camera;

FIG. 1B shows the dual-camera of FIG. 1A in an exploded view;

FIG. 2A shows a zoom folded camera as in FIGS. 1A and 1B with a firstlens optical design in a first zoom state and with ray tracing;

FIG. 2B shows a zoom folded camera as in FIGS. 1A and 1B with the firstlens optical design in a second zoom state and with ray tracing;

FIG. 2C shows details of the lens elements of the first optical designin the first zoom state;

FIG. 2D shows details of the lens elements of the first optical designin the second zoom state;

FIG. 3A shows details of the lens elements of a second optical design ina first zoom state;

FIG. 3B shows details of the lens elements of the second optical designin a second zoom state;

FIG. 4A shows details of the lens elements of a third optical design ina first zoom state;

FIG. 4B shows details of the lens elements of the third optical designin a second zoom state;

FIG. 4C shows details of the lens elements of a fourth optical design ina first zoom state;

FIG. 4D shows details of the lens elements of the fourth optical designin a second zoom state;

FIG. 4E shows details of the lens elements of a fifth optical design ina first zoom state;

FIG. 4F shows details of the lens elements of the fifth optical designin a second zoom state;

FIG. 4G shows details of the lens elements of a sixth optical design ina first zoom state;

FIG. 4H shows details of the lens elements of the sixth optical designin a second zoom state;

FIG. 5A shows schematically a Tele lens and sensor module with a lenshaving the optical design of the second example in a EFL_(Tmin) statefrom a top perspective view;

FIG. 5B shows schematically the Tele lens and sensor module of FIG. 5Afrom another top perspective view;

FIG. 5C shows schematically the Tele lens and sensor module with a lenshaving the optical design of the second example in a EFL_(Tmax) statefrom one top perspective view;

FIG. 5D shows schematically the Tele lens and sensor module of FIG. 5Cfrom another top perspective view;

FIG. 5E shows an exploded view of the Tele lens and sensor module ofFIGS. 5A-5D;

FIG. 6A shows a bottom view of the top and bottom actuatedsub-assemblies of Tele lens and sensor module in the EFL_(Tmin) statelike in FIGS. 5A and 5B from one perspective;

FIG. 6B shows a bottom view of the top and bottom actuatedsub-assemblies of Tele lens and sensor module in the EFL_(Tmax) statelike in FIGS. 5C and 5D from another perspective;

FIG. 6C shows the top actuated sub-assembly from a bottom view;

FIG. 7 shows details of stationary rails in the Tele lens and sensormodule of FIG. 5 ;

FIG. 8 shows an electronic sub-assembly in the Tele lens and sensormodule of FIG. 5 ;

FIG. 9A shows a lens element having axial symmetry;

FIG. 9B shows a cut lens element with two cuts;

FIG. 10 illustrates in a flow chart an exemplary method for operating azoom folded camera disclosed herein;

FIG. 11A is a schematic view of impact points of optical rays impinginga convex surface of a lens element, and a schematic view of theorthogonal projection of the impact points on a plane P, according tosome examples of the presently disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 11B is a schematic view of impact points of optical rays impinginga concave surface of a lens element, and a schematic view of theorthogonal projection of the impact points on a plane P, according tosome examples of the presently disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of the orthogonal projection ofthe impact points on a plane P, and of a clear height value (“CH”),according to some examples of the presently disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of the orthogonal projection ofthe impact points on a plane P, and of a clear aperture, according tosome examples of the presently disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 14 shows schematically in a block diagram an embodiment of a systemdisclosed herein;

FIGS. 15A, 15B and 15C show schematically designs of dual-aperturecameras and triple-aperture cameras comprising folded and non-foldedlens designs.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1A shows schematically a general perspective view of an embodimentof a dual-camera numbered 100, comprising an upright Wide camera 102,and a folded Tele camera 103 comprising an OPFE 104 (e.g. a prism), anda zoom folded Tele camera lens and sensor module (or simply “module”)106. Wide camera includes a Wide lens 110 with a fixed effective focallength EFL_(W). For example, EFL_(W) may be 2-5 mm. In Tele camera 103,OPFE 104 is held in a prism holder 108. Module 106 includes a shield107. Shield 107 may cover some or all elements of module 106 or camera103. FIG. 1B shows dual-camera 100 with shield 107 removed and with moredetails. Module 106 further includes a Tele lens 114 with a Tele lensoptical axis 116, a Tele sensor 118, and, optionally, a glass window 130(see e.g. FIG. 2A). Glass window 130 may be used for filtering light atinfra-red (IR) wavelengths, for mechanical protection of sensor 118and/or for protection of sensor 118 from dust. For simplicity, the word“Tele” used with reference to the camera, lens or image sensor may bedropped henceforth. In some embodiments, the lens and image sensormodules are separated, such that the Tele sensor has its own module,while other functionalities and parts described below (in particularlens actuator structure 502 of FIGS. 5A-E) remain in a Tele camera lensmodule only. The entire description below refers to such embodiments aswell. In other embodiments, a system described herein may comprise oneor mode additional cameras, forming e.g. a triple-camera system. Besidesa Wide and a Tele camera, a triple-camera may include also an Ultra-Widecamera, wherein an Ultra-Wide camera EFL, EFL_(UW)<0.7×EFL_(W).

Dual-camera 100 further comprises, or is coupled to, a controller (notshown) that controls various camera functions, including the movement oflens groups and elements described below.

Lens 114 includes three groups of lens elements G1, G2 and G3, housedrespectively in a first group (G1) lens housing (or “holder”) 120, asecond group (G2) lens housing 122 and a third group (G3) lens housing124. Details of three different lens designs for lens element groups G1,G2 and G3 are provided below with reference to FIGS. 2-4 . In variousembodiments described in detail next, at least one lens element groupmoves relative to another lens element group along lens optical axis 116to provide at least two Tele lens effective focal lengths EFL_(T): aminimum EFL_(Tmin) and a maximum EFL_(Tmax). For example, EFL_(Tmin) maybe 10-20 mm and EFL_(Tmax) may be 20-40 mm. This provides zoomcapability between two large EFLs while keeping a small Tele lensf-number (F#T). In addition, EFL_(Tmin) is larger than the EFL_(W), forexample by 2 times or more, such that optical zoom may be provided bydual-camera 100 between EFL_(W) and EFL_(Tmax). In addition for EFL, foreach zoom state a Tele lens total track length (TTL_(T)) is defined asthe distance along the optical axis from the first surface of the firstlens element toward the object side (S₁, see below) to the image sensorsurface, when the lens is focused at infinity, and including all lenselements and the glass window. TTL_(Tmin) is defined for the first zoomstate and TTL_(Tmax) is defined for the second zoom state. TTL_(Tmin)and TTL_(Tmax) are marked for example in FIGS. 2C, 2D, 3A and 3B, butthe definitions apply for all embodiments in this application.

FIG. 2A shows a zoom folded Tele camera 103′ like camera 103 with OPFE104 (e.g. prism), a lens 114′ like lens 114, and image sensor 118 with afirst exemplary optical design of a Tele lens 114′ and with ray tracing,where the Tele lens is in a first zoom state, i.e. with EFL=EFL_(Tmin).In addition, a glass window 130 may be positioned between all lenselements and image sensor 118.

FIG. 2B shows folded Tele camera 103′ in a second zoom state, i.e. withEFL=EFL_(Tmax). FIG. 2C shows details of a lens 114′ of the firstoptical design in the first zoom state, and FIG. 2D shows details oflens 114′ in the second zoom state.

Lens 114′ has a first exemplary optical design, represented by Tables1-4 and includes eight lens elements marked L1-L8, starting with L1 onan object side facing the prism (“object side”) and ending with L8 on animage side toward the image sensor. Table 1 provides optical data foreach of the surfaces in the optical lens design. The optical data of theOPFE (prism or mirror) is omitted from Table 1, as many OPFE designsknown in the art can be used between the object and S₁. Non-limitingexamples of such OPFEs include: a prism made of glass or plastic, suchthat the refractive index of the prism may change (e.g. in a range of1-3); an OPFE that limits stray light (e.g. as disclosed in co-ownedinternational patent application PCT/IB2018/054928); a low profile prism(see e.g. co-owned U.S. provisional patent application 62/657,003); ascanning OPFE (see e.g. co-owned international patent applicationsPCT/IB2018/050885 and PCT/IB2017/); an OPFE with OIS mechanism (see e.g.co-owned U.S. Pat. No. 9,927,600); and a mirror.

Table 2 provides zoom data, which is additional data for distancesbetween surfaces in Table 1, as well as changing parameters for variouszoom positions. Table 3 provides aspheric data, which is additionaloptical data for surfaces in Table 1 that are not spherical. Table 4provides lens elements and lens elements groups focal lengths in mm.Similar Tables exist for a second exemplary optical design (Tables 5-8),a third exemplary optical design (Tables 9-12) a fourth exemplaryoptical design (Tables 13-16) and a fifth exemplary optical design(Tables 17-20) below.

Lenses disclosed in various exemplary embodiments below comprise severallens groups (G1, G2, G3, etc.) of lens elements, each group including aplurality of lens elements marked Li. Each lens element Li has arespective front surface S_(2i-1) and a respective rear surface S_(2i)where “i” is an integer between 1 and N. As used herein, the term “frontsurface” of each lens element refers to the surface of a lens elementlocated closer to the entrance of the camera (camera object side) andthe term “rear surface” refers to the surface of a lens element locatedcloser to the image sensor (camera image side). The front surface and/orthe rear surface can be in some cases aspherical. The front surfaceand/or the rear surface can be in some cases spherical. These optionsare, however, not limiting. Lens elements L1 to LN may be made fromvarious materials, for example plastic or glass. Some lens elements maybe made of different materials than other lens elements. The notations“Gi”, “Li”, “S_(i)” are shown in several figures as an example (seeFIGS. 2C, 2D for “Gi” notations, FIG. 2B for “Li” notations and FIG. 4Afor “S_(i)” notations), however these notations apply for allembodiments in this application.

In this specification, “height” of a part, an element, or of a group ofparts or elements is defined as a distance in the direction of the firstoptical axis (Y direction in an exemplary coordinate system) between thelowermost point of the part/element/group and the upper-most point ofthe part/element/group. The term “upper” or “top” refers to a section ofany part/element/group that is closer to and facing an imaged(photographed) object along Y relative to other sections of the samepart/element or group. The term “lower” or “bottom” refers to a sectionof any part/element/group that is farthest from and facing away from animaged object along Y relative to other sections of the samepart/element or group.

In Table 1 (as well as in Tables 5 and 9), R is the radius of curvatureof a surface and T is the distance from the surface to the next surfaceparallel to an optical axis. Since the distance between some lenselements change with zooming and focusing, additional thickness data isgiven in Tables 2, 6 and 10 for various zoom and focus positions. Notethat the TTL_(T) is the sum of all T values starting from S₁ and to theimage sensor, when additional data from Tables 2, 6 and 10 is used withthe object set at infinity. D is the optical diameter of the surface.D/2 expresses a “semi-diameter” or half of the diameter. The units of R,T, and D are millimeters (mm). Nd and Vd are the refraction index andAbbe number of the lens element material residing between the surfaceand the next surface, respectively.

Surface types are defined in Tables 1, 5 and 9 and the coefficients forthe surfaces are in Tables 3, 7 and 11:

-   -   flat surfaces—has infinity radius of curvature;    -   Even-Aspherical (EVAS) surfaces, which are defined using Eq. 1        and their details given in Tables 3, 7 and 11:

$\begin{matrix}{{EVAS} = {\frac{{cr}^{2}}{1 + \sqrt{1 - {\left( {1 + k} \right)c^{2}r^{2}}}} + {\alpha_{2}r^{4}} + {\alpha_{3}r^{6}}}} & \left( {{Eq}.1} \right)\end{matrix}$where r is the distance of a point in the optical surface from (andperpendicular to) the relevant optical axis (first or second), k is theconic coefficient, c=1/R, and α are coefficients given in Tables 3, 7and 11. Note that, for any aspheric surface, the maximum value of r(“max r”) is the semi-diameter (D/2) of the respective surface.

-   -   QT1 surfaces are defined using Eq. 2 and sub-equations below:

$\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{{{QT}1} = {\frac{{cr}^{2}}{1 + \sqrt{1 - {\left( {1 + k} \right)c^{2}r^{2}}}} + {D_{con}(u)}}} \\{{D_{con}(u)} = {u^{4}{\sum}_{n = 0}^{5}A_{n}{Q_{n}^{con}\left( u^{2} \right)}}} \\{\begin{matrix}{u = \frac{r}{NR}} & {x = u^{2}}\end{matrix}\ } \\\begin{matrix}{{Q_{0}^{con}(x)} = 1} & {Q_{1}^{con} = {- \left( {5 - {6x}} \right)}} & {Q_{2}^{con} = {{15} - {14x\left( {3 - {2x}} \right)}}}\end{matrix} \\{Q_{3}^{con} = {- \left\{ {{35} - {12{x\left\lbrack {{14} - {x\left( {{21} - {10x}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}} \right\}}} \\{Q_{4}^{con} = {{70} - {3x\left\{ {{168} - {5{x\left\lbrack {{84} - {11x\left( {8 - {3x}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}} \right\}}}} \\{Q_{5}^{con} = {- \left\lbrack {{126} - {x\left( {{1260} - {11x\left\{ {{420} - {x\left\lbrack {{720} - {13x\left( {{45} - {14x}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}} \right\}}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}\end{matrix} & \left( {{Eq}.2} \right)\end{matrix}$where {z, r} are the standard cylindrical polar coordinates, c is theparaxial curvature of the surface, k is the conic parameter, NR is thenorm radius, and A_(n) are the polynomial coefficients shown in lensdata tables.

-   -   A “stop surface” (Tables 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22): in the        embodiments disclosed, the position of a lens aperture stop        surface may change when shifting from a first zoom state to a        second zoom state. In this case, the stop determines the F# of        the entire lens module. For example in some embodiments the        amount of light reaching the image plane to form an image for        center field in a first zoom state is determined by an aperture        stop near the first lens from object side L1, whereas in a        second zoom state the amount of light reaching the image plane        to form an image for center field is determined by an aperture        stop near another lens element, for example near lens element        L4. In other embodiments, the position of a lens aperture stop        surface may not change when shifting from a first zoom state to        a second zoom state. The reflective surface of the prism, also        commonly known as a “mirror”.

The diameter D of the image sensor as presented in the tables belowrefers to a possible size of the image sensor diagonal.

TABLE 1 Group Lens Surface Type R [mm] T [mm] Nd Vd D [mm] Object S₀Flat Infinity See Table 2 G1 L1 S₁ EVAS 5.997 1.224 1.4847 84.150 7.50G1 L1 S₂ EVAS 13.606 2.104 7.50 G1 L2 S₃ EVAS −19.106 0.509 1.844623.750 6.73 G1 L2 S₄ EVAS −25.364 See Table 2 6.24 G2 L3 S₅ EVAS 11.9590.864 1.5348 55.660 4.76 G2 L3 S₆ EVAS −9.715 0.422 4.76 G2 L4 S₇ EVAS−3.692 0.656 1.6510 21.510 4.40 G2 L4 S₈ EVAS −4.784 See Table 2 4.27 G3L5 S₉ EVAS −8.017 0.719 1.6510 21.510 4.00 G3 L5 S₁₀ EVAS −1293.0290.635 3.55 G3 L6 S₁₁ EVAS −670.457 0.598 1.6510 21.510 3.59 G3 L6 S₁₂EVAS −7.424 0.073 3.88 G3 L7 S₁₃ EVAS −7.140 0.624 1.6510 21.510 3.93 G3L7 S₁₄ EVAS −4.715 0.068 4.16 G3 L8 S₁₅ EVAS −3.913 0.798 1.5348 55.6604.22 G3 L8 S₁₆ EVAS 45.594 See Table 2 4.35 Glass S₁₇ Flat Infinity0.210 1.5168 64.170 window S₁₈ Flat Infinity 0.500 Image sensor S₁₉ FlatInfinity 0

TABLE 2 First zoom state Second zoom state EFL_(T) = 15 mm EFL_(T) = 30mm Object position at infinity at 1 meter at infinity at 1 meter Stopsurface S8 S1 T [mm] S₀ Infinity 1000 Infinity 1000 S₄ 0.131 0.13111.403 11.403 S₈ 5.080 5.364 0.060 0.434 S₁₆ 1.094 0.810 6.114 5.740

TABLE 3 Surface Conic (k) α₂ α₃ S₁ 0.512 −2.110E−04  −3.814E−06 S₂ 0.2733.572E−04  1.917E−05 S₃ 20.233 5.134E−03 −4.188E−05 S₄ 37.580 5.156E−03−2.918E−06 S₅ −17.980 3.967E−04 −2.603E−04 S₆ 4.558 9.386E−04 −2.360E−04S₇ −0.178 7.713E−03 −3.679E−04 S₈ 0.700 5.789E−03 −1.981E−04 S₉ −37.2082.833E−02 −2.126E−03 S₁₀ −2.729 3.813E−02  1.651E−03 S₁₁ −9.193−2.622E−02   4.029E−03 S₁₂ −5.072 −1.207E−02   3.646E−03 S₁₃ 9.7081.232E−02 −6.426E−04 S₁₄ 3.593 2.145E−03  4.976E−04 S₁₅ 1.298 1.152E−02 2.260E−03 S₁₆ −8.975 −1.222E−03  −1.182E−04

TABLE 4 Lens or group focal Lens # length [mm] L1 14.88 L2 −28.15 L312.85 L4 −49.00 L5 65.32 L6 −9.17 L7 −32.37 L8 19.45 G1 23.01 G2 15.28G3 −11.55

In a first example (“Example 1”), lens elements L1-L8 are grouped intothree groups: a first group G1 comprising lens elements L1 and L2, asecond group G2 comprising lens elements L3 and L4 and a third groupcomprising lens elements L5-L8. Note that the lens or group focallengths listed in Table 4 have positive or negative values, whichindicate respective positive or negative refractive powers of theassociates lens elements or groups. Thus, in Table 4, L1, L3, L5 and L8have positive refractive powers and L2, L4, L6 and L7 have negativerefractive powers Similarly, G1 and G2 have positive refractive powersand G3 has negative refractive power. This applies also to Tables 8 and12.

In Example 1, the camera is brought into two zoom states by movinggroups G1 and G3 relative to image sensor 118 while keeping group G2stationary relative to image sensor 118. G3 is then further movable forfocusing in each of the zoom states. Table 2 specifies the exactdistances and relative positioning. In Example 1, G1 and G3 are movedrelatively to G2 (and the image sensor) to bring the camera into a firstzoom state shown in FIGS. 2A and 2C in which EFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmin)=15 mm,F#=F#_(Tmin)=2.8 and TTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmin)=16.309 mm, and into a secondzoom state shown in FIGS. 2B and 2D in which EFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmax)=30 mm,F#=F#_(Tmax)=4 and TTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmin)=27.581 mm. The range of movementmay be for example 5-10 mm. In the first state, G1 is separated from G2by a distance d4 (the distance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 2 for a caseof 15 mm EFL, i.e. 0.131 mm), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8(the distance between S₈ and S₉ in Table 2 for a case of 15 mm EFL, i.e.5.080-5.364 mm, depending on the focus distance) and G3 is separatedfrom window 130 by a distance d16 (the distance between S₁₆ and S₁₇ inTable 2 for a case of 15 mm EFL, i.e. 1.094 to 0.810 mm, depending onthe focus distance). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by adistance d4′ (the distance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 2 for a case of 30mm EFL, i.e. 11.403 mm), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8′ (thedistance between S₈ and S₉ in Table 2 for a case of 30 mm EFL, i.e.0.060-0.434 mm, depending on the focus distance) and G3 is separatedfrom window 130 by a distance d16′ (the distance between S₁₆ and S₁₇ inTable 2 for a case of 30 mm EFL, i.e. 6.114 mm to 5.740 mm depending onthe focus distance).

FIG. 3A shows details of the lens elements of a second embodiment of anexemplary optical design in a folded Tele camera such as camera 103 in afirst zoom state, while FIG. 3B shows details of the lens elements ofthe second optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show alens 114″, image sensor 118 and optional window 130. The second opticaldesign is represented by Tables 5-8 and includes eight lens elementsmarked L1-L8, starting with L1 on an object side facing the prism andending with L8 on an image side toward the image sensor. Table 5provides optical data, Table 6 provides zoom data, Table 7 providesaspheric data and Table 8 provides lens or group focal length in mm.

In a second example (“Example 2”), in lens 114″, lens elements L1-L8 aregrouped into three groups: a first group G1 comprising lens elements L1and L2, a second group G2 comprising lens elements L3-L5, and a thirdgroup comprising lens elements L6-L8.

In Example 2, the camera is brought into two zoom states by movinggroups G1 and G3 together relative to the image sensor in a given rangeR_(1,3) while moving group G2 relative to the image sensor in a range R₂smaller than R_(1,3). In Example 2, R_(1,3)=7.509 mm, while R₂=1.574 mm.Group G2 is further movable at any zoom state relative to the imagesensor in a range R_(AF) for changing the focal distance of camera 106from infinity down to 1 meter. R_(AF) may be up to 550 micrometers (um),depending on zoom state. FIG. 3A shows Example 2 in the first zoom statein which EFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmin)=15 mm, F#=F#_(Tmin)=2 andTTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmin)=17.373 mm, and FIG. 3B shows Example 2 in the secondzoom state in which EFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmax)=30 mm, F#=Fft Tmax=4, andTTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmax)=24.881 mm.

In Example 2, the following conditions are fulfilled:

R_(1,3) and R₂ are smaller than 0.6×(EFL_(Tmax)−EFL_(Tmin)) and ofcourse smaller than 0.75×(EFL_(Tmax)−EFL_(Tmin)). F#_(Tmin) is smallerthan 1.0×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax), smaller than1.2×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax), smaller than1.5×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax) and smaller than1.8×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax).

In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (thedistance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 6 for a case of 15 mm EFL, i.e.1.246 to 1.012 mm, depending on the focus distance), G2 is separatedfrom G3 by a distance d10 (the distance between S₁₀ and S₁₁ in Table 6for a case of 15 mm EFL, i.e. 6.136-6.370 mm, depending on the focusdistance) and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16 (thedistance between S₁₆ and S₁₇ in Table 6 for a case of 15 mm EFL, i.e.0.229 mm). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distanced4′ (the distance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 6 for a case of 30 mm EFL,i.e. 7.181 to 6.658 mm, depending on the focus distance), G2 isseparated from G3 by a distance d10′ (the distance between S₁₀ and S₁₁in Table 6 for a case of 30 mm EFL, i.e. 0.2 to 0.725 mm, depending onthe focus distance) and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distanced16′ (the distance between S₁₆ and S₁₇ in Table 6 for a case of 30 mmEFL, i.e. 7.738 mm).

TABLE 5 Group Lens Surface Type R [mm] T [mm] Nd Vd D [mm] Object S₀Flat Infinity See Table 6 G1 L1 S₁ QT1 6.615 1.666 1.4847 84.150 7.50 G1L1 S₂ QT1 71.898 3.268 7.30 G1 L2 S₃ QT1 21.616 0.373 1.8446 23.750 5.87G1 L2 S₄ QT1 10.973 See Table 6 5.62 G2 L3 S₅ QT1 −37.902 0.700 1.534855.660 4.86 G2 L3 S₆ QT1 −5.871 0.132 4.95 G2 L4 S₇ QT1 −3.976 0.7441.6510 21.510 4.93 G2 L4 S₈ QT1 −4.874 0.067 5.20 G2 L5 S₉ QT1 −5.6510.869 1.5348 55.660 5.38 G2 L5 S₁₀ QT1 −5.128 See Table 6 5.38 G3 L6 S₁₁QT1 −4.749 0.250 1.5348 55.660 4.77 G3 L6 S₁₂ QT1 −139.803 0.063 4.74 G3L7 S₁₃ QT1 −444.631 0.318 1.5348 55.660 4.73 G3 L7 S₁₄ QT1 18.077 0.0604.75 G3 L8 S₁₅ QT1 15.930 0.542 1.6510 21.510 4.78 G3 L8 S₁₆ QT1 −63.413See Table 6 4.77 Glass S₁₇ Flat Infinity 0.210 1.5168 64.170 window S₁₈Flat Infinity 0.500 Image sensor S₁₉ Flat Infinity 0

TABLE 6 First zoom state Second zoom state EFL_(T) = 15 mm EFL_(T) = 30mm Object position at infinity at 1 meter at infinity at 1 meter Stopsurface S5 S1 T [mm] S₀ Infinity 1000 Infinity 1000 S₄ 1.246 1.012 7.1816.658 S₈ 6.136 6.370 0.200 0.725 S₁₆ 0.229 0.229 7.738 7.738

TABLE 7 Surface Conic NR A₀ A₁ A₂ A₃ A₄ A₅ S₁ 0 3.7 −1.071E−02 −7.810E−04 7.874E−05 −9.666E−05 3.754E−06  2.463E−06 S₂ 0 3.7 3.115E−02−1.285E−03 1.465E−04 −2.067E−04 4.660E−05 −9.353E−07 S₃ 0 3.7 2.719E−01−4.051E−02 2.860E−03  5.289E−04 7.861E−04 −8.761E−04 S₄ 0 3.7 3.639E−01−3.214E−02 6.330E−03  2.656E−03 9.124E−04 −1.171E−03 S₅ 0 3.7−1.507E+00  −1.910E−01 −6.434E−02  −1.200E−02 5.825E−04 −5.555E−04 S₆ 03.7 −8.373E−01  −1.648E−01 −4.615E−04  −1.051E−02 2.529E−03  2.881E−03S₇ 0 3.7 5.590E−01  1.990E−02 1.374E−01  8.401E−03 6.293E−03  6.466E−03S₈ 0 3.7 4.388E−01 −1.366E−01 5.125E−02 −1.241E−02 −2.885E−03  8.741E−04 S₉ 0 3.7 5.075E−01 −1.496E−02 6.068E−02  1.246E−02−8.803E−04  −4.615E−03 S₁₀ 0 3.7 −8.004E−02  −5.974E−02 −2.987E−02 −2.815E−03 7.390E−04 −1.480E−03 S₁₁ 0 3.7 8.519E−01 −5.488E−02−5.544E−02  −7.854E−03 3.268E−03  6.359E−03 S₁₂ 0 3.7 −1.077E−01  2.667E−01 −4.035E−02  −5.846E−03 −2.225E−02   2.213E−03 S₁₃ 0 3.7−9.512E−01   3.384E−02 4.268E−02  5.478E−02 −3.769E−03  −2.779E−03 S₁₄ 03.7 1.676E−01 −2.814E−01 2.307E−02  1.180E−02 −3.634E−03  −1.653E−02 S₁₅0 3.7 8.046E−01  6.039E−02 9.548E−02  1.891E−02 8.015E−03 −7.180E−03 S₁₆0 3.7 3.581E−01 −4.279E−02 1.900E−02  9.315E−03 1.405E−02  4.839E−03

TABLE 8 Lens or group focal Lens # length [mm] L1 14.88 L2 −28.15 L312.85 L4 −49.00 L5 65.32 L6 −9.17 L7 −32.37 L8 19.45 G1 23.01 G2 15.28G3 −11.55

FIG. 4A shows details of the lens elements of a third embodiment of anexemplary optical design in a folded Tele camera such as camera 103 in afirst zoom state, while FIG. 4B shows details of the lens elements ofthe third optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show a lens114′″, image sensor 118 and optional window 130. The third opticaldesign is represented by Tables 9-12 and includes eight lens elementsmarked L1-L8, starting with L1 on an object side facing the prism andending with L8 on an image side toward the image sensor. Table 9provides optical data, Table 10 provides zoom data, Table 11 providesaspheric data and Table 12 provides lens or group focal length in mm.

In lens 114′″, lens elements L1-L8 are grouped into three groups: afirst group G1 comprising lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2comprising lens elements L3 and L4, and a third group comprising lenselements L5-L8.

In a third exemplary use (“Example 3”), the camera is brought into twozoom states by moving groups G1 and G3 relative to the image sensor in agiven range while keeping group G2 stationary. The range of movement maybe for example 5-10 mm. G1 is further movable for focusing. In Example3, G1 and G3 are moved relatively to G2 (and the image sensor) to bringthe camera into a first zoom state shown in FIG. 4A in whichEFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmin)=15 mm, F#_(Tmin)=2.74 and TTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmin)=16.78mm, and into a second zoom state shown in FIG. 4B in whichEFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmax)=30 mm, F#=F#_(Tmax)=4 and TTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmax)=26.958mm. In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (thedistance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 10 for a case of 15 mm EFL, i.e.0.199-0.870 mm, depending on the focus distance), G2 is separated fromG3 by a distance d8 (the distance between S₈ and S₉ in Table 10 for acase of 15 mm EFL, i.e. 6.050 mm) and G3 is separated from window 130 bya distance d16 (the distance between S₁₆ and S₁₇ in Table 10 for a caseof 15 mm EFL, i.e. 0.650 mm). In the second state, G1 is separated fromG2 by a distance d4 (the distance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 10 for acase of 30 mm EFL, i.e. 10.377-11.031 mm, depending on the focusdistance), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8 (the distancebetween S₈ and S₉ in Table 10 for a case of 30 mm EFL, i.e. 0.06 mm) andG3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16 (the distance betweenS₁₆ and S₁₇ in Table 10 for a case of 30 mm EFL, i.e. 6.64 mm).

TABLE 9 Group Lens Surface Type R [mm] T [mm] Nd Vd D [mm] Object S₀Flat Infinity See Table 10 G1 L1 S₁ EVAS 5.965 1.246 1.4847 84.150 7.50G1 L1 S₂ EVAS 14.446 2.524 7.50 G1 L2 S₃ EVAS −18.902 0.545 1.844623.750 6.52 G1 L2 S₄ EVAS −27.153 See Table 10 6.24 G2 L3 S₅ EVAS 15.4970.881 1.5348 55.660 4.76 G2 L3 S₆ EVAS −9.815 0.351 4.76 G2 L4 S₇ EVAS−3.714 0.694 1.6510 21.510 4.40 G2 L4 S₈ EVAS −4.750 See Table 10 4.27G3 L5 S₉ EVAS −8.318 0.535 1.6510 21.510 4.00 G3 L5 S₁₀ EVAS −49.2890.581 3.84 G3 L6 S₁₁ EVAS 29.648 0.492 1.6510 21.510 4.01 G3 L6 S₁₂ EVAS−15.803 0.371 4.17 G3 L7 S₁₃ EVAS −8.902 0.625 1.6510 21.510 4.51 G3 L7S₁₄ EVAS −5.204 0.066 4.66 G3 L8 S₁₅ EVAS −4.708 0.260 1.5348 55.6604.73 G3 L8 S₁₆ EVAS 21.740 See Table 10 4.65 Glass S₁₇ Flat Infinity0.210 1.5168 64.170 window S₁₈ Flat Infinity 0.500 Image sensor S₁₉ FlatInfinity 0

TABLE 10 First zoom state Second zoom state EFL_(T) = 15 mm EFL_(T) = 30mm Object position at infinity at 1 meter at infinity at 1 meter Stopsurface S8 S1 T [mm] S₀ Infinity 1000 Infinity 1000 S₄ 0.199 0.87010.377 11.031 S₈ 6.050 6.050 0.060 0.060 S₁₆ 0.650 0.650 6.640 6.640

TABLE 11 Surface Conic (k) α₂ α₃ S₁ 0.522 −1.7367E−04   1.4347E−06 S₂1.931 4.4699E−04  2.3992E−05 S₃ 19.446 5.1529E−03 −5.1705E−05 S₄ 42.1995.0933E−03 −1.1038E−05 S₅ −19.929 −9.0502E−05  −2.5378E−04 S₆ 5.5371.3905E−03 −2.6043E−04 S₇ −0.207 7.6849E−03 −3.0619E−04 S₈ 0.5355.5481E−03 −1.4016E−04 S₉ −36.500 2.6433E−02 −1.9343E−03 S₁₀ 10.0193.3334E−02  5.6299E−04 S₁₁ −10.151 −2.4156E−02   4.1713E−03 S₁₂ 10.679−1.3708E−02   3.1066E−03 S₁₃ 10.006 1.3443E−02 −1.0812E−03 S₁₄ 3.2325.2907E−03  7.9836E−05 S₁₅ 1.099 6.4779E−03  1.6274E−03 S₁₆ 3.6698.5666E−04  8.2964E−05

TABLE 12 Lens or group focal Lens # length [mm] L1 19.95 L2 −75.22 L311.33 L4 −35.23 L5 −15.29 L6 15.73 L7 17.84 L8 −7.18 G1 25.67 G2 17.78G3 −11.14

FIG. 4C shows details of the lens elements of a fourth exemplary opticaldesign in a folded Tele camera such as camera 103 in a first zoom state,while FIG. 4D shows details of the lens elements of the fourth opticaldesign in a second zoom state. The figures show a lens 114″″, imagesensor 118 and optional window 130. The fourth optical design isrepresented by Tables 13-16 and includes eight lens elements markedL1-L8, starting with L1 on an object side facing the prism and endingwith L8 on an image side toward the image sensor. Table 13 providesoptical data, Table 14 provides zoom data, Table 15 provides asphericdata and Table 16 provides lens or group focal length in mm.

In a fourth example (“Example 4”), in lens 114″″, lens elements L1-L8are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 comprising lens elementsL1 and L2, a second group G2 comprising lens elements L3-L5, and a thirdgroup comprising lens elements L6-L8.

In Example 4, the camera is brought into two zoom states by movinggroups G1 and G3 together (as one unit) relative to the image sensor ina given range R_(1,3) while group G2 is stationary relative to the imagesensor in the zoom process. In Example 5, R_(1,3)=7.065 mm. While groupG2 does not move when changing zoom state, group G2 is movable at anyzoom state relative to the image sensor and groups G1 and G3 in a rangeR_(AF) for changing the focal distance of camera 106 from infinity downto 1 meter. R_(AF) may be up to 730 μm, depending on zoom state. FIG. 4Cshows Example 4 in the first zoom state in which EFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmin)=15mm, F#=F#_(Tmin)=2 and TTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmin)=17.865 mm, and FIG. 4D showsExample 4 in the second zoom state in which EFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmax)=30 mm,F#=F#_(Tmax)=4, and TTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmax)=24.93 mm.

In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (thedistance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 14 for a case of 15 mm EFL, G2 isseparated from G3 by a distance d10 (the distance between S₁₀ and S₁₁ inTable 14 for a case of 15 mm EFL, and G3 is separated from window 130 bya distance d16 (the distance between S₁₆ and S₁₇ in Table 14 for a caseof 15 mm EFL. In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distanced4′ (the distance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 14 for a case of 30 mmEFL), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10′ (the distance betweenS₁₀ and S₁₁ in Table 14 for a case of 30 mm EFL) and G3 is separatedfrom window 130 by a distance d16′ (the distance between S₁₆ and S₁₇ inTable 14 for a case of 30 mm EFL).

TABLE 13 Group Lens Surface Type R [mm] T [mm] Nd Vd D [mm] Object S₀Flat Infinity See Table 14 G1 L1 S₁ QT1 6.795 1.665 1.4847 84.150 7.50G1 L1 S₂ QT1 55.652 1.690 7.28 G1 L2 S₃ QT1 38.079 0.330 1.7978 22.4636.53 G1 L2 S₄ QT1 18.832 See Table 14 6.32 G2 L3 S₅ QT1 −14.657 0.8621.5348 55.660 5.43 G2 L3 S₆ QT1 −5.687 0.076 5.50 G2 L4 S₇ QT1 −5.0110.735 1.6510 21.510 5.41 G2 L4 S₈ QT1 −6.654 0.052 5.50 G2 L5 S₉ QT1−6.344 0.813 1.5348 55.660 5.47 G2 L5 S₁₀ QT1 −5.302 See Table 14 5.51G3 L6 S₁₁ QT1 −4.891 0.230 1.5348 55.660 4.54 G3 L6 S₁₂ QT1 −7.762 0.0504.54 G3 L7 S₁₃ QT1 −17.929 0.230 1.5348 55.660 4.53 G3 L7 S₁₄ QT1 7.9590.057 4.60 G3 L8 S₁₅ QT1 8.309 0.425 1.6510 21.510 4.63 G3 L8 S₁₆ QT121.747 See Table 14 4.65 Glass S₁₇ Flat Infinity 0.210 1.5168 64.170window S₁₈ Flat Infinity 0.300 Image sensor S₁₉ Flat Infinity 0

TABLE 14 First zoom state Second zoom state EFL_(T) = 15 mm EFL_(T) = 30mm Object position at infinity at 1 meter at infinity at 1 meter Stopsurface S1 S1 T [mm] S₀ Infinity 1000 Infinity 1000 S₄ 1.996 1.717 9.0608.337 S₁₀ 7.764 8.043 0.700 1.423 S₁₆ 0.380 0.380 7.445 7.445

TABLE 15 Surface Conic NR A₀ A₁ A₂ A₃ A₄ A₅ S₁ 0 3.7 −1.185E−02 −4.312E−04 −7.102E−05  0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₂ 0 3.7 1.691E−02 4.449E−04 −2.627E−04  0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₃ 0 3.7 2.920E−01−1.206E−02 −1.439E−03  0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₄ 0 3.7 3.521E−01−7.983E−03 −1.529E−03  0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₅ 0 3.7−9.944E−01  −1.351E−01 −1.582E−02  0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₆ 03.7 −3.506E−01  −8.796E−03 3.480E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₇ 03.7 2.435E−01  7.231E−02 3.347E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₈ 03.7 7.927E−02  9.735E−03 2.347E−04 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₉ 03.7 1.102E−01 −4.921E−02 3.957E−03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₀ 03.7 3.430E−02 −4.824E−02 1.267E−04 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₁ 03.7 9.549E−01  3.565E−02 1.185E−01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₂ 03.7 7.134E−01 −4.530E−02 1.012E−01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₃ 03.7 6.795E−02  1.289E−01 2.055E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₄ 03.7 4.103E−02  2.657E−01 9.470E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₅ 03.7 2.845E−01  3.100E−01 8.796E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₆ 03.7 2.795E−01  2.231E−01 3.147E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00

TABLE 16 Lens or group focal Lens # length [mm] L1 15.76 L2 −46.69 L316.75 L4 −37.57 L5 47.27 L6 −25.34 L7 −10.23 L8 20.23 G1 21.49 G2 19.76G3 −11.20

FIG. 4E shows details of the lens elements of a fifth exemplary opticaldesign in a folded Tele camera such as camera 103 in a first zoom state,while FIG. 4F shows details of the lens elements of the fifth opticaldesign in a second zoom state. The figures show a lens 114′″″, imagesensor 118 and optional window 130. The fifth optical design isrepresented by Tables 17-20 and includes eight lens elements markedL1-L8, starting with L1 on an object side facing the prism and endingwith L8 on an image side toward the image sensor. Table 17 providesoptical data, Table 18 provides zoom data, Table 19 provides asphericdata and Table 20 provides lens or group focal length in mm.

In the fifth example (“Example 5”), in lens 114′″″, lens elements L1-L8are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 comprising lens elementsL1 and L2, a second group G2 comprising lens elements L3-L5, and a thirdgroup comprising lens elements L6-L8.

In Example 5, the camera is brought into two zoom states by movinggroups G1 and G3 together (as one unit) relative to the image sensor ina given range R_(1,3) while group G2 is stationary relative to the imagesensor. In Example 5, R_(1,3)=7.697 mm. Groups G1+G3 is further movabletogether at any zoom state relative to the image sensor and group G2 ina range R_(AF) for changing the focal distance of camera 106 frominfinity down to 2 meter. R_(AF) may be up to 1.8 mm, depending on zoomstate. FIG. 4E shows Example 5 in the first zoom state in whichEFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmin)=15 mm, F#=F#_(Tmin)=2 and TTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmin)=18.1 mm,and FIG. 4F shows Example 5 in the second zoom state in whichEFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmax)=30 mm, F#=F#_(Tmax)=4, and TTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmax)=25.8mm.

In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (thedistance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 18 for a case of 15 mm EFL), G2 isseparated from G3 by a distance d10 (the distance between S₁₀ and S₁₁ inTable 18 for a case of 15 mm EFL) and G3 is separated from window 130 bya distance d16 (the distance between S₁₆ and S₁₇ in Table 18 for a caseof 15 mm EFL). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by adistance d4′ (the distance between S₄ and S₅ in Table 18 for a case of30 mm EFL), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10′ (the distancebetween S₁₀ and S₁₁ in Table 18 for a case of 30 mm EFL), and G3 isseparated from window 130 by a distance d16′ (the distance between S₁₆and S₁₇ in Table 17 for a case of 30 mm EFL).

TABLE 17 Group Lens Surface Type R [mm] T [mm] Nd Vd D [mm] Object S₀Flat Infinity See Table 18 G1 L1 S₁ QT1 7.595 2.293 1.4847 84.150 7.50G1 L1 S₂ QT1 166.728 1.379 7.20 G1 L2 S₃ QT1 169.765 0.381 1.7978 22.4636.73 G1 L2 S₄ QT1 30.296 See Table 18 6.55 G2 L3 S₅ QT1 −19.262 0.9911.5348 55.660 5.61 G2 L3 S₆ QT1 −7.798 0.067 5.71 G2 L4 S₇ QT1 −7.4230.235 1.6510 21.510 5.62 G2 L4 S₈ QT1 −10.037 0.178 5.63 G2 L5 S₉ QT1−6.776 0.896 1.5348 55.660 5.62 G2 L5 S₁₀ QT1 −5.279 See Table 18 5.69G3 L6 S₁₁ QT1 −11.648 0.207 1.5348 55.660 4.95 G3 L6 S₁₂ QT1 −16.0860.091 4.95 G3 L7 S₁₃ QT1 −14.227 0.203 1.5348 55.660 4.98 G3 L7 S₁₄ QT18.126 0.041 5.01 G3 L8 S₁₅ QT1 5.960 0.448 1.6510 21.510 5.03 G3 L8 S₁₆QT1 8.873 See Table 18 5.07 Glass S₁₇ Flat Infinity 0.210 1.5168 64.170window S₁₈ Flat Infinity 0.300 Image sensor S₁₉ Flat Infinity 0

TABLE 18 First zoom state Second zoom state EFL_(T) = 15 mm EFL_(T) = 30mm Object position at infinity at 2 meters at infinity at 2 meters Stopsurface S1 S1 T [mm] S₀ Infinity 2000 Infinity 2000 S₄ 1.377 1.853 9.0747.308 S₁₀ 8.388 7.913 0.691 2.458 S₁₆ 0.415 0.890 8.112 6.345

TABLE 19 Surface Conic NR A₀ A₁ A₂ A₃ A₄ A₅ S₁ 0 3.7 −3.810E−02 −2.313E−03 −1.826E−04 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₂ 0 3.7 −1.050E−02  6.271E−04 −4.206E−05 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₃ 0 3.7 2.425E−01−4.719E−03  1.605E−03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₄ 0 3.7 2.621E−01−4.538E−03  1.794E−03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₅ 0 3.7 −7.571E−01 −2.386E−02  1.173E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₆ 0 3.7 −3.239E−01 −4.277E−02  1.470E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₇ 0 3.7 8.636E−02−6.570E−02 −2.140E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₈ 0 3.7 1.137E−01−5.791E−02 −2.009E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₉ 0 3.7 2.911E−01−9.503E−02  2.344E−04 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₀ 0 3.7 1.470E−01−4.954E−02 −3.365E−03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₁ 0 3.7 3.957E−01 3.980E−01  2.043E−01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₂ 0 3.7 1.263E+00 5.363E−03 −8.070E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₃ 0 3.7 9.897E−01−2.343E−01 −2.471E−01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₄ 0 3.7−3.191E−01  −1.890E−01 −3.206E−02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₅ 03.7 −1.999E+00  −7.518E−01 −2.345E−01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 S₁₆0 3.7 −1.561E+00  −4.492E−01 −1.770E−01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00

TABLE 20 Lens or group focal Lens # length [mm] L1 16.31 L2 −45.91 L323.68 L4 −45.03 L5 36.78 L6 −79.93 L7 −9.60 L8 26.08 G1 22.79 G2 21.82G3 −12.37

FIG. 4G shows details of the lens elements of a sixth embodiment of anexemplary optical design in a folded Tele camera such as camera 103 in afirst zoom state, while FIG. 4H shows details of the lens elements ofthe sixth optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show a lens114″″″, image sensor 118 and optional window 130. The sixth opticaldesign is represented by Tables 21-24 and includes eight lens elementsmarked L1-L8, starting with L1 on an object side facing the prism andending with L8 on an image side toward the image sensor. Table 21provides optical data, Table 22 provides zoom data, Table 23 providesaspheric data and Table 24 provides lens or group focal length in mm.

In lens 114″″″ lens elements L1-L8 are grouped into three groups: afirst group G1 comprising lens elements L1, L2 and L3, a second group G2comprising lens elements L4, L5 and L6, and a third group comprisinglens elements L7 and L8.

In Example 6, the camera is brought into two zoom states by movinggroups G1 and G3 together (as one unit) relative to the image sensor ina given range R_(1,3) while group G2 moves in a range R₂ relative to theimage sensor, whereas R₂<R_(1,3). In Example 6, R_(1,3)=5.641 mm andR₂=0.718. Groups G1+G2+G3 is further movable together at any zoom staterelative to the image sensor and in a range R_(AF) for changing thefocal distance of camera 106 from infinity down to 1 meter or down to 2meter. R_(AF) may be up to 0.4 mm, depending on zoom state.

FIG. 4G shows Example 6 in the first zoom state in whichEFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmin)=13 mm, F#=F#_(Tmin)=1.8 and TTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmin)=19.84mm, and FIG. 4H shows Example 6 in the second zoom state in whichEFL_(T)=EFL_(Tmax)=26 mm, F#=F#_(Tmax)=2.88, andTTL_(T)=TTL_(Tmax)=25.85 mm.

In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d7 (thedistance between S₇ and S₈ in Table 22 for a case of 13 mm EFL), G2 isseparated from G3 by a distance d13 (the distance between S₁₃ and S₁₄ inTable 22 for a case of 13 mm EFL) and G3 is separated from window 130 bya distance d17 (the distance between S₁₇ and S₁₈ in Table 22 for a caseof 13 mm EFL). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by adistance d7′ (the distance between S₇ and S₈ in Table 22 for a case of26 mm EFL), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d13′ (the distancebetween S₁₃ and S₁₄ in Table 22 for a case of 26 mm EFL), and G3 isseparated from window 130 by a distance d17′ (the distance between S₁₇and S₁₈ in Table 21 for a case of 26 mm EFL).

TABLE 21 Group Lens Surface Type R [mm] T [mm] Nd Vd D [mm] Object S₀Flat Infinity See Table 2 Stop S₁ Flat Infinity −0.775 9.000 G1 L1 S₂QFORB type 1 17.302 1.786 1.5661 37.43 8.577 G1 L1 S₃ QFORB type 162.771 0.725 8.652 G1 L2 S₄ QFORB type 1 10.090 1.928 1.5449 55.91 8.557G1 L2 S₅ QFORB type 1 −23.147 0.689 8.086 G1 L3 S₆ QFORB type 1 80.5070.232 1.6991 19.44 8.073 G1 L3 S₇ QFORB type 1 10.360 See Table 2 5.509G2 L4 S₈ QFORB type 1 −4.430 0.928 1.5449 55.91 5.543 G2 L4 S₉ QFORBtype 1 −7.104 0.144 5.555 G2 L5 S₁₀ QFORB type 1 440.072 1.646 1.699119.44 6.397 G2 L5 S₁₁ QFORB type 1 28.935 0.033 6.494 G2 L6 S₁₂ QFORBtype 1 39.391 2.010 1.5449 55.91 6.726 G2 L6 S₁₃ QFORB type 1 −5.075 SeeTable 2 6.322 G3 L7 S₁₄ QFORB type 1 −6.250 0.601 1.6991 19.44 6.435 G3L7 S₁₅ QFORB type 1 −4.314 0.033 6.292 G3 L8 S₁₆ QFORB type 1 −4.2260.553 1.5449 55.91 6.944 G3 L8 S₁₇ QFORB type 1 45.368 See Table 2 7.179Glass window S₁₈ Flat Infinity 0.21 1.5168 64.17 7.235 S₁₉ Flat Infinity0.3 7.000 Image sensor S₂₀ Flat Infinity 0 7.000

TABLE 22 First zoom state Second zoom state EFL_(T) = 13 mm EFL_(T) = 26mm Object position at infinity at 1 meter at infinity at 2 meter Stopsurface S8 S1 T [mm] S₀ Infinity 1000 Infinity 2000 S₇ 1.287 1.287 6.9286.928 S₁₃ 6.224 6.224 0.584 0.584 S₁₇ 0.510 0.680 6.527 6.869

TABLE 23 Conic Surface (k) NR A₂ A₂ A₃ A4 S₂ 0 4.500  1.937E−013.246E−02 1.318E−03 2.280E−04 S₃ 0 4.500  2.594E−01 8.795E−02 5.484E−033.649E−03 S₄ 0 4.000 −1.694E−01 7.487E−04 −3.651E−03  1.653E−03 S₅ 04.000 −8.607E−02 −4.556E−02  9.328E−03 −1.115E−04  S₆ 0 4.000 −8.318E−018.107E−02 −3.312E−03  1.627E−04 S₇ 0 3.600 −7.475E−01 6.703E−02−6.921E−03  5.168E−04 S₈ 0 3.540  1.184E+00 −7.816E−02  6.294E−03−5.495E−03  S₉ 0 3.540  1.068E+00 −3.634E−02  4.046E−03 −3.309E−03  S₁₀0 3.540 −7.538E−01 −8.548E−02  −3.579E−02  −4.211E−03  S₁₁ 0 3.540−3.354E−01 5.277E−03 −9.014E−03  −8.400E−04  S₁₂ 0 3.540 −6.434E−02−5.113E−04  3.479E−04 −1.573E−03  S₁₃ 0 3.540  5.865E−03 1.176E−033.052E−03 5.638E−04 S₁₄ 0 3.540 −3.496E−01 −4.291E−02  −1.806E−02 −1.974E−03  S₁₅ 0 3.540 −9.519E−03 2.425E−02 −8.039E−03  −5.814E−03  S₁₆0 3.540  2.311E−01 7.899E−02 9.116E−03 −5.414E−03  S₁₇ 0 3.540−2.319E−01 8.502E−03 −2.231E−04  −1.988E−04 

TABLE 24 Lens or group focal Lens # length [mm] L1 41.40 L2 13.12 L3−17.63 L4 −24.54 L5 −45.94 L6 8.36 L7 18.33 L8 −7.04 G1 19.31 G2 12.82G3 −10.82

FIG. 5A-E show schematically an example for Tele lens and sensor module(or simply “module”) numbered 500. The description of the figurescontinues with reference to a coordinate system XYZ shown in FIGS. 5A-Eas well as in a number of other figures. In an example, module 500 hasthe optical design of the second example. In module 500, an example foran actuation method required for changing between zoom states and focusstates of lenses 114′, 114″ and 114′″ is provided. FIG. 5A showsschematically module 500 in an EFL_(Tmin) state from a top perspectiveview, and FIG. 5B shows schematically module 500 in the EFL_(Tmin) statefrom another top perspective view. FIG. 5C shows schematically module500 in an EFL_(Tmax) state from one top perspective view, and FIG. 5Dshows schematically module 500 in the EFL_(Tmax) state from another topperspective view. FIG. 5E shows an exploded view of module 500. Module500 comprises a G1+G3 lens sub-assembly 502, a G2 lens sub-assembly 504,a sensor sub-assembly 506, an electro-magnetic (EM) sub-assembly 508, abase sub-assembly 510, a first magnet 512, a first coil 514, a secondmagnet 516, a first set of (exemplarily 4) balls 520 and a second set of(exemplarily 4) balls 522. Lens sub-assemblies 502 and 504 share lensoptical axis 116.

First coil 514 is positioned next to first magnet 512 and is rigidlycoupled to (not moving relative to) base sub-assembly 510. First coil514 may be soldered to a PCB such as PCB 822 (FIG. 8 ), or routed toexternal circuitry (not shown) which allows sending input and outputcurrents to first coil 514, the currents carrying both power andelectronic signals required for operation. Coil 514 has exemplarily arectangular shape and typically includes a few tens of coil windings(i.e. in a non-limiting range of 50-250), with a typical resistance of10-30 ohm. First magnet 512 is a split magnet, such that a split line512 a in the middle separates it into two sides: in one side of splitline 512 a, magnet 512 has a north magnetic pole facing the positive Xdirection, and in the other side of split line 512 a, magnet 512 has asouth magnetic pole facing the positive X direction. Upon driving acurrent in first coil 514, a first Lorentz force is created on firstmagnet 512. In an example, a current flow through first coil 514 in aclockwise direction will induce a first Lorentz force in the positive Zdirection on first magnet 512, while a current flow through first coil512 in a counter clockwise direction will induce a Lorentz force in thenegative Z direction on first magnet 512. In an example, first Lorentzforce may be used to move bottom actuated sub-assembly 560 from thefirst zoom state to the second zoom state and vice-versa in an open loopcontrol, i.e. actuate bottom actuated sub-assembly 560 between stops 720a-b and 722 a-b (see below).

FIGS. 6A and 6B provide two bottom perspective views of actuated partsof module 500, showing a top actuated sub-assembly 550 and a bottomactuated sub-assembly 560 in the EFL_(Tmin) state. FIG. 6C shows topactuated sub-assembly 550 from a bottom perspective view. Top actuatedsub-assembly 550 comprises G2 lens sub-assembly 504, second magnet 516and a plurality of stepping magnets 626. Bottom actuated sub-assembly560 comprises G1+G3 lens sub-assembly 502, first magnet 512, steppingmagnets 628 and four yokes 602 a-b (FIG. 6B) and 604 a-b (FIG. 6A). FIG.7 shows details of base sub-assembly 510, which comprises guiding rails710 a and 710 b and pull-stop magnets 702 a-b and 704 a-b. Note that inFIG. 7 , pull-stop magnets 702 a-b and 704 a-b are separated from stops720 a-b and 722 a-b for illustration purposes. Arrows show the gluingposition of pull-stop magnets 702 a-b and 704 a-b in stops 720 a-b and722 a-b. Yokes 602 a-b are pulled against pull-stop magnets 702 a-b andyokes 604 a-b are pulled against pull-stop magnets 704 a-b. Each ofguiding rails 710 a-b comprises a respective groove 712 a-b. Basesub-assembly 510 further comprises two mechanical stops 706 and 708,which are exemplarily connected to guiding rail 710 b. Mechanical stops706 and 708 limit the stroke of top actuated sub-assembly 550. FIG. 8shows details of EM sub-assembly 508 on PCB 822.

In an example, module 500 enables a relative motion of lenssub-assemblies 502 and 504 in a direction along lens optical axis 116.Module 500 has exemplary length/width/height dimensions in the range of3-40 mm, i.e. module 500 can be contained in a box with dimension of3×3×3 mm³ to 40×40×40 mm³. In an example, module 500 has a height (alongY axis) which is limited by the maximal clear apertures of lens elementsL1 . . . LN plus the plastic thickness of respective lens sub-assemblies502 and 504 (the plastic thickness is for example in the range 0.5-1.5mm), plus the thickness of shield 107 (the shield thickness is forexample in the range 0.1-0.3 mm), plus the thickness of two airgapsbetween respective lens sub-assemblies 502 and 504 and shield 107 (eachair gap thickness is for example in the range of 0.05-0.15 mm). Theclear aperture of lens elements L1 . . . LN may be a circular orcut-lens clear aperture, as described below.

In module 500, the three lens groups (G1, G2 and G3) are held in twolens sub-assemblies: lens sub-assembly 502 that holds lens groups G1+G3and lens sub-assembly 504 that holds lens group G2. Lens sub-assemblies502 and 504 are typically made of plastic. In some embodiments, lenssub-assembly 502 and lens groups G1+G3 may be a single part (andsimilarly lens sub-assembly 504 and G2 may be a single part). In someembodiments, they may be separate parts. Lens sub-assemblies 502 and 504may be made, for example, by plastic molding, or alternatively by othermethods. First and second magnets 512 and 516 are fixedly attached (e.g.glued) to lens sub-assemblies 502 and 504, respectively, from twoopposite sides across lens optical axis 116 (X direction).

Lens sub-assembly 502 includes several grooves, defining a mechanicalball-guided mechanism, allowing actuation in a linear rail for the zoomneeds. In this example, six grooves are described, but another number ofgrooves may be used: two grooves 542 a-b (FIG. 5E) on a top surface oflens sub-assembly 502 along the Z direction, and four grooves 624 a-d(FIG. 6A) on a bottom surface of lens sub-assembly 502, along the Zdirection as well. Lens sub-assembly 504 includes several groves, matingwith some of the grooves of lens sub-assembly 502. In the embodimentshown, lens sub-assembly 504 includes four grooves 642 a-d, only threeof which are seen in FIG. 6C. Grooves 642 a-d are parallel to eachother, are along the Z-axis (optical axis), and are used to guide topactuated sub-assembly 550 along the Z direction.

Top actuated sub-assembly 550 is positioned on top of bottom actuatedsub-assembly 560 such that grooves 642 a-b (642 c-d) are right above andparallel to grooves 542 a (542 b).

In the embodiment shown, four balls 520 are positioned on top of grooves542 a-b (two balls on top of each groove) and below grooves 642 a-d(FIG. 6C), such that balls 520 separate lens sub-assembly 502 and lenssub-assembly 504 and prevent the two parts from touching each other. Inother embodiments, module 500 may have more than four balls between lenssub-assemblies 502 and 504, for example up to 7 balls per side or up to14 balls in total. Balls 520 may be made from aluminum oxide or anotherceramic material, from a metal or from a plastic material. Typical balldiameters may be in a non-limiting range of 0.3-1 mm. Other ball sizesand positioning considerations may be, as in co-owned international PCTpatent application PCT/IB2017/052383 titled “Rotational Ball GuidedVoice Coil Motor”.

Since lens sub-assemblies 502 and 504 are exemplarily plastic molded,there is some tolerance allowed in part dimensions, typically a few tensof microns or less for each dimension. This tolerance may lead topositional misalignment between adjacent (facing) grooves 542 a-b and642 a-d. To better align the grooves, some grooves (e.g. 542 a-b and 642c-d) may be V-shaped, i.e. have a V cross section shape to ensure ballpositioning, while grooves 642 a-b may have a wider, trapezoidcross-section. Grooves 542 b and 642 c-d are aligned during assembly,while the alignment of grooves 542 a and 642 a-b have a small clearancedue to the trapezoid cross section of the latter grooves. The trapezoidgroove cross sections are just exemplary, and other groove cross sectionshapes may be used (e.g. rectangular, flat, etc.), such that one pair ofgrooves is well aligned by the groove shape and the other pair ofgrooves has clearance of alignment.

The design presented herein may allow accurate alignment of the threelens element groups. G1 and G3 are well aligned to each other since theyare mechanically fixed to the same part and may maintain alignmentduring product lifecycle. In some embodiments, lens sub-assembly 504 ismolded as one part and the alignment of G1 to G3 is based on the plasticmolding tolerances. In some embodiments lens sub-assembly 504 is moldedas several parts which are glued in the factory using active or passivealignment procedures. G2 is aligned to G1 and G3 using a single groovepair (542 b and 642 c and/or 642 d), i.e. lens sub-assemblies 502 and504 are aligned to each other without intermediate parts.

Four balls 522 are positioned on top of grooves 712 a-b (two balls ontop of each groove) and below grooves 624 a-d such that balls 522separate lens sub-assembly 502 from base sub-assembly 510 and preventthe two parts from touching each other. In other embodiments, module 500may have more than four balls, for example up to 7 balls per side or upto 14 balls in total. The size, material and other considerationsrelated to balls 522 are similar to those of balls 520. Otherconsiderations regarding grooves 712 a-b and 624 a-d are similar tothose of grooves 542 a-b and 642 a-d as described above.

Module 500 further includes several ferromagnetic yokes 716 (FIG. 7 )fixedly attached (e.g. glued) to base sub-assembly 510 such that eachyoke is positioned below (along Y direction) three of stepping magnets626 and 628. In other embodiments, ferromagnetic yokes 716 may be afixedly part of shield 107. In yet other embodiments, shield 107 byitself may be made from ferromagnetic material, or the bottom part ofshield 107 may be made of ferromagnetic material, such that the yoke(s)is (are) part of the shield. Each ferromagnetic yoke 716 pulls some ofstepping magnets 626 or 628 by magnetic force in the negative Ydirection, and thus all yokes prevent both top actuated sub-assembly 550and bottom actuated sub-assembly 560 from detaching from each other andfrom base 510 and shield 107. Balls 520 prevent top actuatedsub-assembly 550 from touching bottom actuated sub-assembly 560 andballs 522 prevent bottom actuated sub-assembly 560 from touching basesub-assembly 510. Both top actuated sub-assembly 550 and bottom actuatedsub-assembly 560 are thus confined along the Y-axis and do not move inthe Y direction. The groove and ball structure further confines topactuated sub-assembly 550 and bottom actuated sub-assembly 560 to moveonly along lens optical axis 116 (Z-axis).

FIG. 7 shows details of base sub-assembly 510 and stationary rails inmodule 500. Along the Z direction, top actuated sub-assembly 550 islimited to move between mechanical stops 706 and 708, with a distanceequal to the required stroke of G2 (about 1-3 mm) between them. Also,along the Z direction, bottom actuated sub-assembly 560 is limited tomove between mechanical stops 720 a-b and 722 a-b, and/or pull-stopmagnets 702 a-b and 704 a-b.

FIG. 8 shows details of EM sub-assembly 508 in module 500. EMsub-assembly 508 includes second coil 818, two Hall bar elements (“Hallsensors”) 834 a and 834 b and a PCB 822. Second Coil 818 and Hall barelements 834 a-b may be soldered (each one separately) to PCB 822.Second Coil 818 has exemplarily a rectangular shape and typicallyincludes a few tens of coil windings (e.g. in a non-limiting range of50-250), with a typical resistance of 10-40 ohms. PCB 822 allows sendinginput and output currents to second coil 818 and to Hall bar elements834 a-b, the currents carrying both power and electronic signalsrequired for operation. PCB 822 may be connected electronically to theexternal camera by wires (not shown). In an example (FIG. 5E), EMsub-assembly 508 is positioned next to second magnet 516. Second magnet516 is a split magnet, separated by a split line 516 a in the middleinto two sides: in one side of split line 516 a, magnet 516 has a northmagnetic pole facing the positive X direction, and in the other side ofsplit line 516 a, magnet 516 has a south magnetic pole facing thepositive X direction. Upon driving a current in second coil 818, aLorentz force is created on second magnet 516. In an example, a currentflow through second coil 818 in a clockwise direction will induce aLorentz force in the positive Z direction on second magnet 516, while acurrent flow through second coil 818 in a counter clockwise directionwill induce a Lorentz force in the negative Z direction on second magnet516.

Hall bar elements 834 a-b are designed to measure magnetic the field inthe X direction (intensity and sign) in the center of each Hall barelement. Hall bar elements 834 a-b can sense the intensity and directionof the magnetic field of second magnet 516. In an example, thepositioning of Hall bar element 834 a on PCB 822 is such that:

-   -   1. In the X direction, both Hall bar elements 834 a and 834 b        are separated from magnet 516 by a distance (e.g. 0.1-0.5 mm),        the distance being constant while magnet 516 is moving for zoom        or focus needs.    -   2. When the system is in a first zoom state (EFL_(T)=15 mm),        Hall bar element 834 a is close to split line 516 a along the Z        direction. For example, for all focus positions in the first        state zoom (infinity to 1 meter macro continuously), Hall        element 834 a is distanced along the Z direction from split line        516 a by up R_(AF).    -   3. When the system is in a second zoom state (EFL_(T)=30 mm),        Hall bar element 834 b is close to split line 516 a along the Z        direction. For example, for all focus positions in the first        state zoom (infinity to 1 meter macro continuously), Hall        element 834 b is distanced along the Z direction from split line        516 a by up R_(AF).

In such a positioning scheme, Hall bar element 834 a can measure therespective position of second magnet 516 along the Z direction when thesystem is in the first zoom state, since in the first zoom state the Xdirection magnetic field has measurable gradient on Hall bar 834 atrajectory along R_(AF) between focus positions of infinity to 1 meterfocus, and X direction magnetic field may be correlated to position. Inaddition Hall bar element 834 b can measure the respective position ofsecond magnet 516 along the Z direction when the system is in the secondzoom state, since in the second zoom state the X direction magneticfield has measurable gradient on Hall bar 834 b trajectory along R_(AF)between focus positions of infinity to 1 meter focus, and X directionmagnetic field may be correlated to position. A control circuit (notshown) may be implemented in an integrated circuit (IC) to control inclosed loop the position of second magnet 516 relative to EMsub-assembly 508 (and to base sub-assembly 510 to which EM sub-assembly508 is rigidly coupled) while operating in either zoom states, and inopen loop while traveling between zoom state (see FIG. 10 anddescription below) In some cases, the IC may be combined with one orboth Hall elements 834 a-b. In other cases, the IC may be a separatechip, which can be located outside or inside module 500 (not shown). Inexemplary embodiments, all electrical connections required by module 500are connected to EM sub-assembly 508, which is stationary relative tobase sub-assembly 510 and to the external world. As such, there is noneed to transfer electrical current to any moving part.

The magneto-electrical design of module 500 allows the following methodof operation for operating folded Tele camera 103. FIG. 10 illustratessuch an exemplary method in a flow chart. In step 1002, Tele camera 103is positioned with lens 114 in one (e.g. a first) zoom state. A decision(by a user or an algorithm) to refocus Tele lens 114 is made in step1004, and G2 lens sub-assembly 504 is moved in step 1006 under closedloop control (by a controller—not shown) using inputs from Hall barelement 834 a to bring Tele camera 103 into another focus position inthe first zoom state. A decision (by a user or an algorithm) to changethe zoom state of lens 114 of camera 103 to another (e.g. a second) zoomstate is made in step 1008, and G1+G3 lens sub-assembly 502 is movedunder open loop control to mechanical stop 720 in step 1010, followed bymovement of G2 lens sub-assembly 504 under open loop control tomechanical stop 706 in step 1012. G2 lens sub-assembly 504 is then movedunder closed loop control using inputs from Hall bar element 834 b instep 1014, to bring Tele folded camera 103 into the second zoom state inyet another focus position in step 1016. A decision to refocus lens 114is made in step 1018. The refocusing of lens 114 in the second zoomstate is performed by moving G2 lens sub-assembly under closed loopcontrol using inputs from Hall bar element 834 b. A decision (by a useror an algorithm) to change the second zoom state of lens 114 of camera103 to the first zoom state is made in step 1020, and G1+G3 lenssub-assembly 502 is moved under open loop control to mechanical stop 722in step 1022, followed by movement of G2 lens sub-assembly 504 underopen loop control to mechanical stop 708 in step 1024.

In some embodiments, the two surfaces S_(2i-1), S_(2i) of any lenselement L_(i) may have two apertures that include two cuts (facets). Insuch a case, lens element L_(i) is referred to as a “cut lens element”.The cuts enable the lens assembly to be lower and/or shorter. In anexample, FIG. 9A shows a lens element 902 having axial symmetry and aheight H₉₀₂, and FIG. 9B shows a cut lens element 904 with two cuts 906and 908 and with height H₉₀₄. Lens elements 902 and 904 have the samediameter D. Evidently H₉₀₄<H₉₀₂. In an example shown in FIGS. 5 , thefirst two lens elements (L₁ and L2) are cut lens elements.

As explained below, a clear height value CH(S_(k)) can be defined foreach surface S_(k) for 1≤k≤2N), and a clear aperture value CA(S_(k)) canbe defined for each surface S_(k) for 1≤k≤2N). CA(S_(k)) and CH(S_(k))define optical properties of each surface S_(k) of each lens element.

As shown in FIGS. 11A, 11B and 12 , each optical ray that passes througha surface S_(k) (for 1≤k≤2N) impinges this surface on an impact pointIP. Optical rays enter the lens module (e.g. 114′, 114″, 114′″) fromsurface S₁, and pass through surfaces S₂ to S_(2N) consecutively. Someoptical rays can impinge on any surface S_(k) but cannot/will not reachimage sensor 118. For a given surface S_(k), only optical rays that canform an image on image sensor 118 are considered forming a plurality ofimpact points IP are obtained. CH(S_(k)) is defined as the distancebetween two closest possible parallel lines (see lines 1200 and 1202 inFIG. 12 located on a plane P orthogonal to the optical axis of the lenselements (in the representation of FIGS. 11A and 11B, plane P isparallel to plane X-Y and is orthogonal to optical axis 116), such thatthe orthogonal projection IP_(orth) of all impact points IP on plane Pis located between the two parallel lines. CH(S_(k)) can be defined foreach surface S_(k) (front and rear surfaces, with 1≤k≤2N).

The definition of CH(S_(k)) does not depend on the object currentlyimaged, since it refers to the optical rays that “can” form an image onthe image sensor. Thus, even if the currently imaged object is locatedin a black background which does not produce light, the definition doesnot refer to this black background since it refers to any optical raysthat “can” reach the image sensor to form an image (for example opticalrays emitted by a background which would emit light, contrary to a blackbackground).

For example, FIG. 11A illustrates the orthogonal projectionsIP_(orth,1), IP_(orth,2) of two impact points IP₁ and IP₂ on plane Pwhich is orthogonal to optical axis 116. By way of example, in therepresentation of FIG. 11A, surface S_(k) is convex.

FIG. 11B illustrates the orthogonal projections IP_(orth,3), IP_(orth,4)of two impact points IP₃ and IP₄ on plane P. By way of example, in therepresentation of FIG. 3B, surface S_(k) is concave.

In FIG. 12 , the orthogonal projection IP_(orth) of all impact points IPof a surface S_(k) on plane P is located between parallel lines 1200 and1202. CH(S_(k)) is thus the distance between lines 1200 and 1202.

Attention is drawn to FIG. 13 . According to the presently disclosedsubject matter, a clear aperture CA(S_(k)) is defined for each givensurface S_(k) (for 1≤k≤2N), as the diameter of a circle, wherein thecircle is the smallest possible circle located in a plane P orthogonalto the optical axis 116 and encircling all orthogonal projectionsIP_(orth) of all impact points on plane P. As mentioned above withrespect to CH(S_(k)), it is noted that the definition of CA(S_(k)) alsodoes not depend on the object which is currently imaged.

As shown in FIG. 13 , the circumscribed orthogonal projection IP_(orth)of all impact points IP on plane P is circle 1300. The diameter of thiscircle 1300 defines CA(S_(k)).

In conclusion, zoom cameras disclosed herein are designed to overcomecertain optical challenges as follows:

-   -   A lens design where EFL_(Tmax)>1.8×EFL_(Tmin) or        EFL_(Tmax)>1.5×EFL_(Tmin) insures significant user experience        effect to the mechanical zoom.    -   In some embodiments (e.g. Example 1), TTL_(Tmax)<EFL_(Tmax). In        some embodiments (e.g. Examples 2 and 3),        TTL_(Tmax)<0.9×EFL_(Tmax). Such a lens design may reduce camera        length (along the Z axis).    -   In some embodiments (Examples 1-3), the first lens element has a        clear aperture (diameter of S1) larger than that of all other        lens element clear apertures. In some embodiments (module 500),        the first lens has a first lens which is cut lens element, see        FIG. 9 . Advantageously such a lens design helps to achieve        small camera height.    -   Change in zoom state is caused by no more than two actual        amounts of lens group movements. That is, to change zoom state,        some lens element groups move together in a first movement        range, then some of the remaining lens group elements move        together by in a second movement range and all other lens        element groups do not move. This simplifies actuator control and        design, since there is a need to move and control only two        mechanical elements.    -   In some examples, F#_(Tmin)<1.5×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax).        In some examples, F#_(Tmin)<1.2×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(max)        Such a lens design may achieve low F# for the first state.    -   In some examples, for any lens element group, the movement from        the first zoom state to the second zoom state has a stroke        smaller than 0.75×(EFL_(Tmax)−EFL_(Tmin)). In some examples, for        any lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state        to the second zoom state has a stroke smaller than        0.6×(EFL_(Tmax)−EFL_(Tmin)). Such a lens design may limit lens        elements movement and/or simplify actuation.    -   Focusing can be performed by further movement of one of the lens        element groups that moves together for zoom state change,        simplifying actuator design and improving control.

In terms of properties of lenses disclosed herein:

-   -   a lens design with 3 lens groups minimizes lens complexity.    -   a lens design with lens groups having (starting from the object        side) positive, positive and negative power, may contribute to a        small lens group movement for zoom state change.    -   In one example (Example 1) of a process to change zoom state,        the first lens element group G1 moves by a first amount and the        third lens element group G3 moves by a second amount, while the        second lens element group G2 does not move. Farther movement of        G3 can be used for focusing.    -   In another example (Example 2) of a process to change zoom        state, G1 together with G3 move by a first amount and G2 moves        by a second amount. Farther movement of G2 can be used for        focusing.    -   In yet another example (Example 3) of a process to change zoom        state, G1 moves by a first amount, G3 moves by a second amount        and G2 does not move. Further movement of first G1 can be used        for focusing.    -   In yet another example (Example 4) of a process to change zoom        state, G1 together with G3 move and G2 does not move. Further        movement of first G2 can be used for focusing.    -   In yet another example (Example 5) of a process to change zoom        state, G1 together with G3 move and G2 does not move. Further        movement of G1 together with G3 can be used for focusing.    -   In yet another example (Example 6) of a process to change zoom        state, G1 together with G3 move by a first amount and G2 moves        by a second amount. Further movement of all three lens groups        together, so G1 and G2 and G3 moving together, can be used for        focusing.

Table 25 summarizes the movements in each Example, with exemplarymovement ranges:

TABLE 25 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 G1range 11.272 7.52 10.18 7.065 7.697 5.641 [mm] G2 range Static 1.575Static Static Static 0.718 [mm] G3 range 5.02 7.52 6.0 7.065 7.697 5.641[mm] Group G3 G2 G1 G2 G1 + G3 G1 + G2 + G3 moving for focus AF maxrange 0.375 0.525 0.68 0.723 1.742 0.342 [mm]

Examples presented in Table 25 where more than one lens group isindicated as moving for focus may refer to a design where the lensgroups defined in the table move together as one unit for focus. In someembodiments (e.g. Examples 5 and 6), moving several lens groups togethermay be facilitated by coupling the respective lens groups rigidly.

The values given in G1 range, G2 range and G3 range refer to the maximalrange of overall movement of the lens groups with respect to the imagesensor.

The values given in row “AF max range” refer to the maximal range ofmovement of the lens groups with respect to the image sensor defined inrow “Group moving for focus” required for focusing between infinity and1 meter or 2 meter according to the respective relevant table of table2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 see above. In most embodiments, the AF max range isgiven by the lens group movement for the higher zoom state, i.e. thestate with EFL_(Tmax).

In some embodiments, G1 and G3 may be in a stationary state, i.e. G1 andG3 do not move, whereas G2 may be moved in order to change zoom state.

FIG. 14 shows schematically an embodiment of an electronic devicenumbered 1400 and including multi-aperture cameras with at least onemulti-zoom state camera disclosed herein. Electronic device 1400comprises a first camera module 1410 that includes an OPFE 1412, and afirst lens module 1414 that forms a first image recorded by a firstimage sensor 1416. A first lens actuator 1418 may move lens module 1414for focusing and/or optical image stabilization (OIS) and/or forchanging between two different zoom states. In some embodiments,electronic device 1400 may further comprise an application processor(AP) 1440. In some embodiments, a first calibration data may be storedin a first memory 1422 of a camera module, e.g. in an EEPROM(electrically erasable programmable read only memory). In otherembodiments, a first calibration data may be stored in a third memory1450 such as a NVM (non-volatile memory) of the electronic device 1400.The first calibration data may include one or more subsets ofcalibration data, e.g. a first subset comprising calibration databetween sensors of a Wide and a Tele camera in a first zoom state,and/or a second subset comprising calibration data between sensors of aWide and a Tele camera in a second zoom state, and/or a third subsetcomprising calibration data between a sensor of a Tele camera in a firstzoom state and the same sensor in a second zoom state. Electronic device1400 further comprises a second camera module 1430 that includes asecond lens module 1432 that forms an image recorded by a second imagesensor 1434. A second lens actuator 1436 may move lens module 1432 forfocusing and/or OIS and/or for changing between two different zoomstates. In some embodiments, second calibration data may be stored at asecond memory 1438 of a camera module. In other embodiments, the secondcalibration data may be stored in a third memory 1450 of the electronicdevice 1400. The second calibration data may include one or more subsetsof calibration data, e.g. as described above.

In use, a processing unit such as AP 1440 may receive respective firstand second image data from camera modules 1410 and 1430 and supplycamera control signals to the camera modules 1410 and 1430. In someembodiments, AP 1440 may receive calibration data from a third memory1450. In other embodiments, an AP 1440 may receive calibration datastored respective in a first memory located on camera module 1410 and ina second memory located on camera module 1430. In yet anotherembodiment, AP 1440 may receive calibration data stored respective in afirst memory located on camera module 1410 and in a second memorylocated on camera module 1430, as well as from a third memory 1450 of anelectronic device 1400. In some embodiments, an electronic device likedevice 1400 may comprise more than one camera module realized in afolded lens design and with an OPFE. In other embodiments, two or morecamera modules may be realized without an OPFE and not with a foldedlens design structure, but with another lens design structure. AP 1440may have access to data stored in third memory 1450. This data maycomprise a third calibration data. An image generator 1444 may be aprocessor configured to output images based on calibration dataand-image data. Image generator 1444 may process a calibration data andan image data in order to output an output image.

Camera calibration data may comprise:

-   -   Stereo calibration data between camera modules 1410 and 1430,        specifically for all possible combinations of different lenses        and different lens zoom states, e.g. of two different zoom        states of a Tele camera. The stereo calibration data may include        6 degrees of freedom, e.g. pitch, yaw and roll angles, and        decenter in x, y and z axes.    -   Stereo calibration data between camera modules 1410 and 1430,        specifically for all possible combinations of different zoom        states, e.g. of two different zoom states of a Tele camera.        These data may include 6 degrees of freedom.    -   Intrinsic camera parameters, such as focal length and distortion        profile for each camera module and for each of the different        zoom states, e.g. of two different zoom states of a Tele camera.    -   Hall-sensor position values that may correspond to different        focus positions in each of the different zoom states (e.g.        infinity, 1 m and closest focus).    -   Lens shading profiles of the lens modules for each of the        different zoom states.

FIG. 15A shows schematically an embodiment of a dual-aperture zoomcamera with auto-focus AF and numbered 1500, in a general isometricview, and a sectioned isometric view. Camera 1500 comprises twosub-cameras, labeled 1502 and 1504, each sub-camera having its ownoptics. Thus, sub-camera 1502 includes an optics bloc 1506 with anaperture 1508 and an optical lens module 1510, as well as a sensor 1512.Similarly, sub-camera 1504 includes an optics bloc 1514 with an aperture1516 and an optical lens module 1518, as well as a sensor 1520. Eachoptical lens module may include several lens elements as well as anInfra-Red (IR) filter 1522 a and 1522 b. Optionally, some or all of thelens elements belonging to different apertures may be formed on the samesubstrate. The two sub-cameras are positioned next to each other, with abaseline 1524 between the center of the two apertures 1508 and 1516.Each sub-camera can further include an AF mechanism and/or a mechanismfor optical image stabilization (OIS), respectively 1526 and 1528,controlled by a controller (not shown).

FIG. 15B shows schematically an embodiment of a zoom and auto-focusdual-aperture camera 1530 with folded Tele lens in a sectioned isometricview related to a XYZ coordinate system. Camera 1530 comprises twosub-cameras, a Wide sub-camera 1532 and a Tele sub-camera 1534. Widecamera 1532 includes a Wide optics bloc with a respective aperture 1538and a lens module 1540 with a symmetry (and optical) axis 1542 in the Ydirection, as well as a Wide image sensor 1544. Tele camera 1534includes a Tele optics bloc with a respective aperture 1548 and anoptical lens module 1550 with a Tele lens symmetry (and optical) axis1552 a, as well as a Tele sensor 1554. Camera 1530 further comprises anOPFE 1556. The Tele optical path is extended from an object (not shown)through the Tele lens to the Tele sensor and marked by arrows 1552 b and1552 a. Various camera elements may be mounted on a substrate 1562 asshown here, e.g. a printed circuit board (PCB), or on differentsubstrates (not shown).

FIG. 15C shows schematically an embodiment in a general isometric viewof a zoom and auto-focus triple-aperture camera 1570 with one foldedTele sub-camera 1534. Camera 1570 includes for example elements andfunctionalities of camera 1530. That is, camera 1570 includes a Widesub-camera 1532, a Tele sub-camera 1534 with an OPFE 1556. Camera 1570further includes a third sub-camera 1572 which may be an Ultra-Widecamera with an Ultra-Wide lens 1574 and an image sensor 1578. In otherembodiments, third sub-camera 1572 may have an EFL_(M) and a FOV_(M)intermediate to those of the Wide and Tele sub-cameras. A symmetry (andoptical) axis 1576 of the third sub-camera is substantially parallel toaxis 1542 sub-camera 1532. Note that while the first and the thirdsub-cameras are shown in a particular arrangement (with third sub-camera1572 closer to Tele sub-camera 1534), this order may be changed suchthat the Wide and the Ultra-Wide sub-cameras may exchange places.

While this disclosure describes a limited number of embodiments, it willbe appreciated that many variations, modifications and otherapplications of such embodiments may be made. In general, the disclosureis to be understood as not limited by the specific embodiments describedherein, but only by the scope of the appended claims.

All references mentioned in this specification are herein incorporatedin their entirety by reference into the specification, to the sameextent as if each individual reference was specifically and individuallyindicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citationor identification of any reference in this application shall not beconstrued as an admission that such reference is available as prior artto the present application.

What is claimed is:
 1. A camera, comprising: a lens with an opticalaxis, an image sensor and an optical path folding element (OPFE),wherein the lens includes, from an object side to an image side, a firstlens element group (G1), a second lens element group (G2) and a thirdlens element group (G3), wherein G1 and G3 are movable along the opticalaxis as one unit relative to the image sensor and G2 in a given rangeR_(1,3), wherein G2 is movable along the optical axis relative to theimage sensor in a range R₂ smaller than R_(1,3), wherein the combinedmovements of G1, G2 and G3 bring the lens to two, first and second zoomstates, wherein an effective focal length (EFL) of the Tele lens ischanged from a value EFL_(,min) in the first zoom state to a valueEFL_(Tmax) in the second zoom state, wherein EFL_(max)>1.5×EFL_(min) andwherein the camera is a folded camera.
 2. The camera of claim 1, whereinthe Tele camera is configured to focus by having lens element groups G1,G2 and G3 being shifted relative to each other, in both the first andthe second zoom states.
 3. The camera of claim 1, wherein lens elementgroups G1, G2 and G3 are arranged from an object side to the image side,wherein G1 has a positive refractive power, G2 has a positive refractivepower and G3 has a negative refractive power.
 4. The camera of claim 1,wherein the Tele lens has a total track length TTL_(T) and wherein amaximal value of TTL_(T) (TTL_(Tmax)) fulfills the conditionTTL_(Tmax)<EFL_(Tmax).
 5. The camera of claim 1, wherein the Tele lenshas a total track length TTL_(T) and wherein a maximal value of TTL_(T)(TTL_(Tmax)) fulfills the condition TTL_(Tmax)<0.9×EFL_(Tmax).
 6. Thecamera of claim 1, wherein a first lens element L1 of the Tele lenstoward the object side has a clear aperture value larger than clearaperture values of all other lens elements of the Tele lens.
 7. Thecamera of claim 6, wherein first lens element L1 is a cut lens element.8. The camera of claim 1, wherein the Tele lens has a Tele lens f-number(F#_(T)) and wherein a minimal value of F#_(T) (F#_(Tmin)) and a maximalvalue of F#_(T) (F#_(Tmax)) fulfill the conditionF#_(Tmin)<1.5×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax).
 9. The camera of claim 1,wherein the Tele lens has a Tele lens f-number (F#_(T)) and wherein aminimal value of F#_(T) (F#_(Tmin)) and a maximal value of F#_(T)(F#_(Tmax)) fulfill the conditionF#_(Tmin)<1.8×F#_(Tmax)×EFL_(Tmin)/EFL_(Tmax).
 10. The camera of claim1, wherein for any lens element group, the movement from the first zoomstate to the second zoom state has a range smaller than0.6×(EFL_(Tmax)−EFL_(Tmin)).
 11. The camera of claim 1, wherein the atleast two movable lens element groups include lens element groups G1 andG3, wherein G1 and G3 are movable relative to the image sensor and G2,and wherein G2 is stationary relative to the image sensor.
 12. Thecamera of claim 11, wherein G3 is further movable for focus relative tothe image sensor, G1 and G2.
 13. The camera of claim 11, wherein G1 isfurther movable for focus relative to the image sensor, G2 and G3. 14.The camera of claim 11, wherein EFL_(Tmin)=15 mm and EFL_(Tmax)=30 mm.15. The camera of claim 11, wherein EFL_(Tmin)=13 mm and EFL_(Tmax)=26mm.
 16. The camera of claim 11, wherein lens element groups G1 and G3are movable toward the object side when switching from the first zoomstate to the second zoom state.
 17. A dual-camera, comprising: a Widecamera comprising a Wide lens and a Wide image sensor, the Wide lenshaving a Wide effective focal length EFL_(w); and a folded Tele cameracomprising a Tele lens with a first optical axis, a Tele image sensorand an optical path folding element (OPFE), wherein the Tele lensincludes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens elementgroup (G1), a second lens element group (G2) and a third lens elementgroup (G3), wherein G1 and G3 are movable along the first optical axisas one unit relative to the image sensor and to G2 in a given rangeR_(1,3), wherein G2 is movable along the first optical axis relative tothe image sensor in a range R₂ smaller than R_(1,3), wherein thecombined movements of G1, G2 and G3 bring the Tele lens to two zoomstates, wherein an effective focal length (EFL) of the Tele lens ischanged from a value EFL_(T,min) in one zoom state to a valueEFL_(T,max) in the other zoom state, wherein EFL_(Tmin)>EFL_(w) andwherein EFL_(Tmax)>1.5×EFL_(Tmin).
 18. A triple-camera, comprising: aWide camera comprising a Wide lens and a Wide image sensor, the Widelens having a Wide effective focal length EFL_(w); an Ultra-Wide cameracomprising an Ultra-Wide lens and an Ultra-Wide image sensor, theUltra-Wide lens having an Ultra-Wide effective focal length EFL_(uw);and a folded Tele camera comprising a Tele lens with a first opticalaxis, a Tele image sensor and an optical path folding element (OPFE),wherein the Tele lens includes, from an object side to an image side, afirst lens element group (G1), a second lens element group (G2) and athird lens element group (G3), wherein at least two of the lens elementgroups are movable relative to the Tele image sensor along the firstoptical axis to bring the Tele lens to two, first and second zoomstates, wherein an effective focal length (EFL) of the Tele lens ischanged from a value EFL_(T,min) in the first zoom state to a valueEFL_(T,max) in the second zoom state, wherein EFL_(Tmin)>2×EFL_(uw),wherein EFL_(Tmin)>1.5×EFL_(w) and wherein EFL_(Tmax)>1.5×EFL_(Tmin).